ࡱ> nm|g &bjbjVV < r<r<*TT@b@b@b@b@bTbTbTb8bbTbbbbbbddd$ @bddddd@b@bbbHˑddddR@bb@bbdddd2@b0]:ddRr8|0Qd"QpnQ@bxddddddddddddddddQdddddddddT a: Inquiry into the treatment of individuals suspected of people smuggling offences who say they are children Discussion Paper December 2011 Submission to 鱨վ I do not make reference to names in this submission. I consent to my name being released. I am a Darwin barrister who in May 2011 commenced a pro-bono habeas corpus action in relation to 13 Indonesian nationals who stated they were all under 18 years of age. Not having the declaratory relief and the necessary related argument (unlawfulness of the detention) prepared resulted in the dismissal of the proceedings. However before the proceedings were dismissed employees from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship dispersed many of the plaintiffs in the proceedings to interstate immigration detention centres and adult correctional establishments. The habeas corpus proceedings had their intended outcome: charging or releasing of minors in immigration detention. Prior to the proceedings some were held without charge for over 12 months, others as little as 2 or 3 months but without charge. I suspect delays were a result of uncertainty of what to do with the younger members of the crews assisting asylum seekers to reach Australia by boat. Article 37 (b) of the Convention of the Rights of the Child provides for the right to be arrested, detained or imprisoned only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. An Australian citizen suspected of having committed an offence would be deprived of his or her liberty for a matter or hours or days while evidence was gathered and charge or charges were laid. I was encouraged to read and see in various media sources that evidence as to ages of some of the plaintiffs was gathered from Indonesia and successfully used to convince judges and magistrates to dismiss Migration Act charges against those minors. The Commonwealth would not give a costs waiver against any litigation guardian that was appointed. Not surprisingly any person approached was hesitant in coming forward to act in that role. The focus of the habeas proceedings was on the detention without charge as opposed to the age determination process however the proceedings did rely upon affidavit material of the plaintiffs as to their ages. All of the plaintiffs did not have birth certificates. I note that some of them later had solicitors or barristers attend their local villages and obtain evidence of their ages. Of greatest concern were those accounts from some Indonesian minors who indicated that cigarettes would only be provided if the individual admitted to being over 18 years of age. One Indonesian told of being held in an adult prison and subjected to a full body search. Many were clearly distraught with their experiences in detention or adult prison. I am aware of one case where the obtaining of consent to submit to the wrist scan was not carried out fairly (I assisted in the taking of an affidavit from that individual prior to his repatriation). Many Indonesian children are taken advantage of and offered (what appears to them) lucrative payment to do cooking, refuel engines and do general chores on suspected irregular entry vessels. Persistence with obtaining evidence from wrist scans is unlikely to provide accurate evidence of age particularly given the young ages at which children in Indonesia commence manual work. Legal advice and assistance to Indonesian minors is important because of their lack of appreciation of Australian law and the serious consequences of mandatory sentencing. Separating from sibling and parents is distressing and is likely to have a long lasting impact. The deterrent effect, on both adults and minors, of the current legislative regime is questionable at the very least. Simon Lee Barrister Darwin      PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1 =>  \ ] ' ( n o 4 5 z {   H I % & l m 8956;<MN;<  KLbc+,!"hs`hK~bk  pqjkXYfggdV/_gdK~ !"#%&h(p/h4^mHnHu h_h(p/jh_h(p/Uh-djh-dU hV/h*hK~#$%&gdV/gdqgdmL :&P 1h:pqBP. 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